Mantiq — Alimiyyah Grade 1
Judgement and Declarative Statement
Judgement and Declarative Statement
Chapter Introduction When we affirm or deny something about a subject, a judgement is formed. The declarative expression of that judgement is called khabar.
Important Point Truth and falsity attach to a declarative judgement.
State the chapter definition of judgement and declarative statement. Recognize the book's distinctions and example. Apply the chapter rule to a fresh case.
Original Arabic Text Judgement: affirming or denying a meaning of a subject. Khabar: speech that can be described as true or false.
A command, a question, and a supplication are not khabar, because they do not state an occurrence in a way that is itself judged true or false.
Book Example “Zayd is present” is khabar; “Is Zayd present?” is a question; “Call Zayd” is a command.
Terminology
Affirmation or negation about a subject
Speech that can be true or false
The statement's being true
The statement's being false
Truth and falsity belong to khabar, not to every kind of expression.